Criminal law deals with the prosecution and punishment of criminal offences. The Criminal Code of Ukraine contains the written criminal laws of Ukraine. There is no death penalty in Ukraine. The maximum penalty is life imprisonment, which can be reduced to 25 years in prison by decree of the President of Ukraine, but only after 20 years in prison. The Ukrainian Parliament has the power to grant amnesty to prisoners who are not serving life imprisonment. [ref. needed] Criminal proceedings, investigations and judicial hearings in criminal trials are governed by the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine, which has not been amended since 1962, when Ukraine was a republic of the Soviet Union, until the Ukrainian Parliament adopted the new Code of Criminal Procedure in April 2012. [4] The main legislative body is the Ukrainian Parliament (Verkhovna Rada), also known as the legislative (Ukrainian: законодавча влада, romanized: zakonodavcha vlada). The power to legislate may be delegated to subordinate governments or to certain organs of the State, but only for a prescribed purpose. In recent years, it has become common practice for legislators to create “framework laws” and delegate the creation of detailed rules to ministers or lower governments (e.g., a province or municipality). [ref. needed] Once the laws are published in Holos Ukrayiny, they officially go into effect the next day. [1] A judge may not invoke political parties and trade unions, participate in political activities, hold office as a representative, hold other remunerated offices or perform any other remunerated work other than that of a scientific, educational or creative nature.
According to the law, in the exercise of justice, a judge shall be in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine and shall ensure a full, thorough and objective examination of cases that meet the conditions established by law. They are also required to take measures to prevent the unauthorized dissemination of information that the State and/or commercial entity considers to be secret or confidential and that has come to their knowledge in the course of their official duties. In addition, the law requires a judge to refrain from any act that could defame a judge and cast doubt on his objectivity, unbiased and independence. Secondary legislation of Ukraine includes other normative acts, including decrees, decisions and orders of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, ministries and other state bodies. They are issued on the basis of and in application of the general provisions of the laws. Ukrainian law is generally divided into public law, private law and international law. These areas of the legal system are subdivided into civil law (including family law, inheritance law, contract and commercial law, contract law, property law, intellectual property law, company law, state law and tort law), criminal law, constitutional law (including laws on the structure of the State), administrative law and international law. ABA LOLI`s work in Ukraine aims to build the knowledge and capacity of cross-sectoral Internet Freedom (IF) advocates to advocate for laws and policies that promote freedom of expression online. In partnership with local and international organizations and experts from civil society, business, parliamentarians and government agencies, we organize conferences, roundtables and symposia to share best practices in supporting IFs through sound policies. ABA ROLI also provides technical assistance and financial support to local civil society to advance independent advocacy efforts to promote freedom of expression. Since the Ukrainian legal system is based on the Code, there are a number of codified laws in the main areas of national legislation.
These include: Constitutional law frames the constitution and structure of Ukraine. It regulates the powers of democratic institutions, the organization of elections and the separation of powers between central and local governments. See also the article on the Constitution of Ukraine. Only the Constitutional Court of Ukraine can rule on the constitutionality of laws created by the legislator. International law, also known as international law, involves the application of international law in Ukraine. International agreements ratified by the Ukrainian Parliament are part of Ukrainian legislation. The Constitution of Ukraine allows for the direct application of most international laws in Ukrainian courts. If an international agreement of Ukraine prescribes rules other than those laid down in Ukrainian legislation, the rules of this international agreement shall apply. Laws regulating jurisdiction with an international dimension, for example because the parties come from different countries, are not part of international law, but form a specific branch of civil law. Only the Ukrainian Parliament is empowered to promulgate normative laws in the form of laws. The laws of Ukraine are the highest normative acts in Ukraine. [5] To defend a person accused of a crime, a lawyer must have a certificate allowing him to practice the profession of lawyer (issued by the Regional Commission of Qualification and Discipline of the Bar) or a letter from a lawyer.
There are 25 regional qualification and disciplinary commissions in Ukraine: each in each region (oblast) and one in the city of Kiev and the city of Sevastopol. The scientific degrees awarded by VAK are grouped into an established list of specialties divided into the following main sections. Notaries in Ukraine are based on the guidelines of the law “On the notary`s office”. According to the law, the notarial office is a system of bodies and officials who are obliged to certify rights, certify facts that have the force of law and perform other notarial acts, as provided for by law, in order to give them legal force.